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Pink film - Wikipedia. Pink film(ピンク映画,Pinku eiga or Pink eiga) in its broadest sense includes almost any Japanese theatrical film that includes nudity (hence 'pink') or deals with sex.[1] This encompasses everything from dramas to action thrillers and exploitation film features. However, some writers have reserved the term 'pink film' for Japanese sex movies produced and distributed by smaller independent studios such as OP Eiga, Shintōhō Eiga, Kokuei and Xces. In this narrower sense, Nikkatsu's Roman Porno series, Toei's Pinky Violence series and the Tokatsu films distributed by Shochiku would not be included as these studios have much larger distribution networks.[2]Until the early 2.

Recently, filmmakers have increasingly used video (while retaining their emphasis on soft- core narrative). Many theaters swapped 3. This article places the pink film in the larger context of postwar erotic cinema. Pink films became wildly popular in the mid- 1. Japanese domestic cinema through the mid- 1. In the 1. 96. 0s, the pink films were largely the product of small, independent studios.

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2. The "pink film," or "eroduction" (erotic production) as it was first called, is a cinematic genre without exact equivalent in the West. Though called pornography, the.
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Around 1. 97. 0, the major studio Nikkatsu started focusing almost exclusively on erotic content, but another major Toei started producing a line of what came to be known as Pinky Violence films. With their access to higher production values and talent, some of these films became critical and popular successes.[5] Though the appearance of the adult video led viewers to move away from pink film in the 1.

Description[edit]"The eroductions are the limpest of softcore, and though there is much breast and buttock display, though there are simulations of intercourse, none of the working parts are ever shown. Indeed, one pubic hair breaks an unwritten but closely observed code. Though this last problem is solved by shaving the actresses, the larger remains: how to stimulate when the means are missing.". Watch Fields Of The Dead Online Fields Of The Dead Full Movie Online.

Donald Richie (1. The "pink film," or "eroduction" (erotic production) as it was first called,[7] is a cinematic genre without exact equivalent in the West.[5] Though called pornography, the terms "erotica", "soft porn" and "sexploitation" have been suggested as more appropriate, although none of these precisely matches the pink film genre.[8]The Japanese film ethics board Eirin has long enforced a ban on the display of genitals and pubic hair. This restriction forced Japanese filmmakers to develop sometimes elaborate means of avoiding showing the "working parts", as author Donald Richie puts it.[6] To work around this censorship, most Japanese directors positioned props—lamps, candles, bottles, etc.—at strategic locations to block the banned body parts. When this was not done, the most common alternative techniques are digital scrambling, covering the prohibited area with a black box or a fuzzy white spot, known as a mosaic or "fogging."[9]Some have claimed that it is this censorship that gives the Japanese erotic cinema its particular style. Donald Richie says, "American pornography is kept forever on its elemental level because, showing all, it need do nothing else; Japanese eroductions have to do something else since they cannot show all.

The stultified impulse has created some extraordinary works of art, a few films among them. None of these, however, are found among eroductions."[1. Richie is making a distinction between the erotic films of the major studios such as Nikkatsu and Toei as against the low- budget pink films produced by independents such as OP Eiga. Contrasting the pink film with Western pornographic films, Pia Harritz says, "What really stands out is the ability of pinku eiga to engage the spectator in more than just scenes with close- ups of genitals and finally the complexity in the representation of gender and the human mind."[1. Richie and Harritz enumerate the fundamental elements of the pink film formula as: The film must have a required minimum quota of sex scenes[1. The film must be approximately one hour in duration[1. It must be filmed on 1.

The film must be made on a very limited budget[1. History[edit]Background[edit]In the years since the end of World War II, eroticism had been gradually making its way into Japanese cinema. The first kiss to be seen in Japanese film—discreetly half- hidden by an umbrella—caused a national sensation in 1.

Although throughout the 1. Japanese movie theaters, as in most of the world, was a taboo,[1. Shintoho's female pearl- diver films starring buxom Michiko Maeda, began showing more flesh than would have previously been imaginable in the Japanese cinema.[1. During the same period, the taiyozoku films on the teen- age "Sun Tribe", such as Kō Nakahira's Crazed Fruit (1. Japanese films.[1. Foreign films of this time, such as Ingmar Bergman's Summer with Monika (1. Louis Malle's Amants (1.

Russ Meyer's Immoral Mr. Teas (1. 95. 9) introduced female nudity into international cinema, and were imported to Japan without problem.[1. Nevertheless, until the early 1. Japanese film could only be seen in single- reel "stag films," made by film producers such as those depicted in Imamura's film The Pornographers (1. First wave (The "Age of Competition" 1.

The first wave of the pink film in Japan was contemporary with the similar U. S. sexploitation film genres, the "nudie- cuties" and "roughies".[2.

Nudity and sex officially entered Japanese cinema with Satoru Kobayashi's controversial and popular independent production Flesh Market (Nikutai no Ichiba, 1. Made for 8 million yen, Kobayashi's independent feature film took in over 1. Kobayashi remained active in directing pink films until the 1. Tamaki Katori, the star of the film, went on to become one of the leading early pink film stars, appearing in over 6.

Pink Princess".[2. In 1. 96. 4, maverick kabuki, theater and film director Tetsuji Takechi directed Daydream, a big- budget film distributed by the major studio Shochiku. Takechi's Black Snow (1. Japan's intellectuals and the establishment.

Takechi won the lawsuit, and the publicity surrounding the trial helped bring about a boom in the production of pink films.[2. In her introduction to the Weisser's Japanese Cinema Encyclopedia: The Sex Films, actress Naomi Tani calls this period in pink film production "The Age of Competition".[2. Though Japan's major studios, such as Nikkatsu and Shochiku made occasional forays into erotica in the 1. Seijun Suzuki's Gate of Flesh (1. Japanese film to contain nudity,[2. Independent studios such as Nihon Cinema and World Eiga made dozens of cheap, profitable "eroductions".

Among the most influential independent studios producing pink films in this era were Shintōhō Eiga (the second studio to use this name), Million Film, Kantō, and Ōkura.[8] Typically shown on a three- film program, these films were made by these companies to show at their own chain of specialty theaters.[2. Another major pink film studio, Wakamatsu Studios, was formed by director Kōji Wakamatsu in 1. Nikkatsu. Known as "The Pink Godfather",[2. Wakamatsu's independent productions are critically respected works usually concerned with sex and extreme violence mixed with political messages.[2. His most controversial early films dealing with misogyny and sadism are The Embryo Hunts In Secret (1. Watch Crossroad Online Facebook.

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Three other important pink film directors of this time, Kan Mukai, Kin'ya Ogawa and Shinya Yamamoto are known as "The Heroes of the First Wave".[3.